The Art of Deception

The tank was rubber. The army was fake. The lives they saved were not.

The 23rd Headquarters Special Troops were about 1,100 men, bringing together artists, engineers, radio operators, and other soldiers. Among them were a young fashion designer named Bill Blass, the painter Ellsworth Kelly, and the photographer Art Kane. Their equipment was inflatable tanks and trucks that a few men could carry, recordings of armored columns played through speakers loud enough to be heard for miles, radio operators trained to imitate the sending style of units that were nowhere nearby, and men in cafes wearing the patches of other divisions.

From Normandy to the Rhine they ran more than twenty operations, impersonating forces many times their size to pull the enemy toward armies that were not there. In March 1945, near the Rhine crossing, 1,100 men played the part of two divisions, some thirty thousand troops, and drew German attention away from the real assault. Estimates of how many American lives that kind of work saved run into the thousands.

Their operations remained classified for decades after the war. Congress authorized a Congressional Gold Medal for the Ghost Army in 2022, and it was presented on March 21, 2024. For decades, the public had little chance to understand what these soldiers had done.

What it stands for:

• Ingenuity as a form of service, and imagination as something worth arming
• Artists, engineers, and radio operators who protected soldiers they never met
• Service that went largely unrecognized while the operations remained classified

It only had to look like an army. It worked, and men who never learned their names came home.

Designed in America. Made to last.